During years 2016-2017 surveys in apple orchards of Maragheh region, 73 samples of Gala and Red delicious cultivars with symptoms resembling to those caused by Apple Dimple fruit viroid (ADFVd) were collected and subjected to two-step RT-PCR. Total RNA from stem bark and leaves of symptomatic plants showing Dimple fruit and irregular yellow spots on fruit was extracted and full-length 306-307 base pairs genome of the isolates were amplified by using specific primer pairs. Ten amplicons with expected size were directly sequenced on both strands. Blast analysis and multiple sequence alignment of the sequences with those full-length ADFVd sequences deposited in GenBank, showed identities ranging from 74. 4-100%. Iranian ADFVd isolates had the highest and lowest identity with two Italian isolates, accession Nos. EF088662 and KF788291, respectively. The region between CCR and TR domains was the most divergent. In phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood method, all Iranian isolates were clustered together with the Italian isolates and variants.

Cheek Dimple is one feature of attractive and beautiful face. It may be natural or may be created by surgery. In this article, the surgical techniques and complications of cheek Dimple creation have been reviewed.

In this paper, we first consider the propagation characteristics of a spatio-temporal Gaussian pulse using both simplified analytical and numerical approaches. Second, we focus on the counterintuitive presence of a possible Dimple property associated with these spatio-temporal Gaussian pulses and the corresponding intensity functions. Theanalytical results are supported with numerical simulations of the exact pulsed-beam solution and various plots.

The impact of the column number of ellipsoidal Dimples on a highly-loaded compressor cascade (NACA65-K48) under design conditions was investigated by using a numerical simulation method. Ellipsoidal Dimples with a thickness of 0. 2 mm were located at the position of chord length ranging from 10% to 36%. The span-wise interval was 5. 0 mm. The performance and flow field structures of cascades with 1 to 5 ellipsoidal Dimpled columns were compared, and the results showed that the turbulent kinetic energy intensity near the wall was enhanced and the fluid separation resistance was consequently improved. The total pressure loss was reduced by all modified ellipsoidal Dimples. In addition, the separation bubble of the suction side was broken or weakened, the corner separation was improved, and the influence range of the passage vortex was reduced. Moreover, the improvement effect of cascade performance parameters initially increased with the increase in the number of Dimple columns and then reduced as the number of columns was further increased. The reductions in the total pressure loss of the cascade were 0. 59%, 1. 47%, 1. 69%, 1. 91%, and 1. 73% for column numbers 1 to 5, respectively.

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most important diseases of children. UTI timely diagnosis and treatment is essential to prevent renal failure. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the association of sacral Dimples with recurrent UTIs and urodynamic findings in a group of pediatric patients. Patients and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on children aged one month to fifteen years old with recurrent UTIs. The association of sacral Dimples with recurrent UTIs and urodynamic findings were studied. Results: In total, 229 patients with recurrent UTIs were recruited. One hundred thirty-one patients were in the case group (with sacral Dimple), and 98 patients were in the control group (without sacral Dimple). One-hundred and nine children (82. 2%) in the case group and 56 children (57. 1%) in the control group had abnormal voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) (P < 0. 001). Forty patients in the case group and 29 patients (29. 6%) in the control group had abnormal dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan in the first study (P = 0. 568). Twenty-two patients (16. 8%) in the case group and 13 patients (13. 3%) in the control group had renal scarring (P = 0. 578). Urodynamic findings were abnormal in 117 children (89. 3%) in the case group and 70 children (71. 4%) in the control group (P = 0. 001, OR=3. 34, 95% CI: 1. 65-6. 78). Conclusion: In this study, abnormal uroflowmetry and bladder compliance were significantly more common in children with recurrent UTIs with sacral Dimple in comparison to recurrent UTIs in patients without sacral Dimple. It is recommended that in cases of sacral Dimples, patients should undergo a urodynamic study to detect bladder dysfunction.

In the present study, Computational Fluid Dynamics is used for heat transfer studies in the Dimple, and flat plate heat exchangers. By employing water as a working medium (fluid), the same and different flow analyses were numerically studied. SOLID WORKS 2018 software was used for the study. The study primarily investigated the effect of the flow rate of hot fluid on the overall heat transfer coefficient. The study also analyzed the influence of hot fluid’, s Reynolds number on cold fluid’, s Nusselt number. It was observed that an increase in the mass flow rate of the hot fluid from 0. 016 to 0. 067 kg/s resulted in an increase in the heat transfer coefficient from 65 to 298 W/(m2. K) for the Dimple plate heat exchanger (DPHE). Meanwhile, an increase in the Reynolds number of the hot fluid (from 200 to 1000), induced an increase in the Nusselt number of the cold fluid from 1. 9 to 8. 7 for DPHE. A correlation was developed to calculate the Nusselt number for the same flow analysis of the flat plate heat exchanger (FPHE). The study also compared the performance of the DPHE with that of the FPHE. The results of the same flow analysis indicated that the DPHE exhibited a Nusselt number value 39% greater than the FPHE at the highest mass flow rate of 0. 067 kg/s, while in different flow analysis, the DPHE demonstrated a Nusselt number value 41% greater than the FPHE at the highest mass flow rate of 0. 067 kg/s.

When the wing of the plane is placed in the air flow direction, due to surface effects, a boundary layer is created near its surfaces. The boundary layer phenomenon affects Airfoil’s performance and has significant effects on the lift and drag coefficients, this phenomenon leads to restrictions that prevent the increase in wing performance. Therefore, in order to achieve optimal conditions, it is necessary to control the formed boundary layer by several techniques. In this paper, by the creation a groove perpendicular to the outstanding edge of the airfoil’s NACA0012, suction flow controlled and the airplane wing performance is investigated in two-dimensional and three-dimensional models and under attack angles and different flow rates. For this purpose, the necessary simulation was carried out using the fluent software, using the K-Kl-ω three-equation turbulence model. The width of the jet (created groove) is %2. 5 of the length of the airfoil chord (%2. 5C), the location of the groove is %10 of the length of the chord (from the leading edge of the airfoil) and the speed of suction is considered to be half the free speed. The results show that increasing the coefficient of lift can be achieved by creating the suction flow at the wing level and reduced the drag coefficient, which causes a delay the separation of the flow Subsequently, the angles of attack and the appropriate free flow speed rate can be selected to improve the flight of the Unmanned plan.

hypereutectic Al-Si alloy piston has great potential for use in the automotive industry, especially for engine components, due to its lightweight, excellent castability, good thermal conductivity, high strength and excellent corrosion resistance. The silicon content in the A390 is between 17-18%. This article presents various shapes of Dimples that can be fabricated on a cylindrical shape part of A390 using the turning process with aid of dynamic assisted tooling (DATT). To minimize the number of the experiment, the Taguchi method, with an L8 orthogonal array, was used to accommodate two different sets of seven parameters used in the fabrication of Dimpled structures, i. e. cutting speed of 2-9 m/min, feed rate of 0. 4-0. 6 mm/rev, DOC of 0. 05-0. 01 mm, frequency of 15-28 Hertz, the amplitude of 1-3 mm, using two different cutting tool i) rake angle of +4o and-8. 5o, relief angle of 4o and 7o, and nose radius of 0. 4 and 0. 8 mm, ii) Rake angle of +9°,and-20°, , and relief angle of +7°,and +17°, , and nose radius 8 mm. By using these turning parameters, 3 Dimple shapes were produced,spherical, short drop and long drop shapes, with almost square and hexagonal arrays.